Tuturilmu.com – Unta adalah hewan unik dengan asal-usul sejak 45 juta tahun yang lalu. Setiap hewan yang ada didunia ini memiliki sifat unik yang membedakan hewan satu dengan yang lainnya. Dan apa kamu tahu, fungsi punuk unta?
Kita semua tahu bahwa unta bukanlah seekor unta tanpa punuk yang ada dipunggungnya. Namun, kebanyakan dari kita sebenarnya tidak mengetahui fungsi dari benjolan dipunggungnya tersebut, dan itulah yang akan tuturilmu bahas pada artikel kali ini.
Apa Saja Fungsi Punuk Unta
1. Punuk di punggung unta sebagai respon terhadap lingkungan mereka
Fungsi punuk unta yang pertama adalah sebagai respon terhadap lingkungan mereka.
Meskipun unta saat ini unta umum ditemukan di Timur Tengah dan beberapa bagian Asia, mereka sebenarnya berasal dari Amerika Utara. Tidak hanya itu, unta juga berkeliaran di wilayah Arktik.
Untuk mengatasi iklim yang sangat dingin di sana, para unta mulai untuk mengembangkan punuk mereka secara bertahap di punggung mereka. Saat ini, para ilmuwan berpendapat bahwa punuk berfungsi untuk mengatur suhu tubuh unta.
2. Unta memiliki punuk karena berguna untuk dipegang oleh penunggang unta zaman dahulu
“Unta memiliki punuk karena itu berguna untuk dipegang oleh penunggang unta” saya tahu itu jawaban itu mungkin terdengar konyol. Unta mempunyai punuk jauh sebelum kemunculan umat manusia ada.
Meskipun kita tahu pasti bahwa unta tidak mengembangkan punuk demi kenyamanan manusia, orang-orang sangat berterima kasih kepada Sang Pencipta karena telah memberikan tempat duduk yang begitu nyaman untuk melakukan perjalanan ke negeri yang jauh.
3. Punuk unta tidak berisikan air
Sudah menjadi kepercayaan umum bahwa unta menyimpan air di punuknya. Namun, kepercayaan tersebut adalah mitos yang tertanam pada masyarakat terkait fungsi punuk unta tersebut.
Keyakinan itu dikembangkan untuk menjelaskan kemampuan unta untuk bertahan hidup berminggu-minggu tanpa air. Selama masa Jalur Sutra, para pedagang memuat unta dengan barang-barang berat dan melakukan perjalanan antara Timur Tengah dan Cina.
Unta adalah transportasi yang nyaman untuk memotong gurun yang panas di mana sumber air langka. Begitulah cara unta disebut “kapal gurun”. Faktanya, saat ini para ilmuwan menyatakan bahwa sel darah berbentuk oval tersebut, bukan punuk, berkontribusi pada daya tahan unta terhadap dehidrasi.
4. Punuk adalah penyimpan energi bagi unta
Fungsi punuk unta lainnya yaitu untuk penyimpanan energi pada saat sumber makanan mulai langka. Pada saat gurun mulai mengering ataupun juga musim dingin yang keras membunuh vegetasi di tanah berpasir, satu-satunya yang menjadi harapan mereka adalah lemak yang disimpan di punuk mereka.
Tahukah kamu, bahwa pedagang unta (orang yang membeli & menjual unta) menentukan kesehatan unta dengan melihat punuknya? Setiap pedagang pasti membeli unta yang bergizi baik, dengan kata lain unta dengan punuk yang berukuran lebih besar.
5. Unta memiliki punuk untuk membantu mereka mengatur suhu tubuh
Pernahkah kamu menghabiskan malam di gurun? Jika tidak, kamu mungkin tidak tahu bagaimana suhu gurun berfluktuasi. Yang dimana suhu pada gurun sangat dingin pada malam hari dan sangat panas pada saat siang hari.
Jaringan lemak di punuk unta berfungsi sebagai isolasi untuk menahan fluktuasi suhu tersebut. Dan disinilah fungsi punuk unta sangat berguna, yaitu untuk mencegah panas dari matahari menembus ke dalam tubuh.
Dan efeknya, itu mencegah unta berkeringat dan akhirnya mengurangi kehilangan air. Sekarang, kamu tahu bagaimana unta bisa bertahan dalam perjalanan panjang melalui gurun yang panas tanpa merasakan kepanasan!
6. Ada unta yang memiliki dua punuk
Unta berpunuk dua itu disebut Unta Baktria. Mereka biasanya lebih besar dari unta Dromedari yang hanya memiliki satu punuk. Sampai sekarang, masih belum ada satupun bukti ilmiah yang bisa menjelaskan kenapa unta Baktria memiliki dua punuk.
Akan tetapi, ada salah satu spekulasi longgar yang mengatakan bahwa unta Baktria memiliki dua punuk karena mereka tinggal dan hidup di lingkungan yang lebih keras.
Misalnya, habitat utama unta Baktria di gurun Gobi dikenal karena lingkungannya yang keras. Gurun ini dicirikan oleh iklimnya yang sangat dingin di mana suhu bisa mencapai -40 Fahrenheit (-40 Celcius).
Penutup
Setelah membaca artikel ini, tuturilmu harap kamu sekarang tahu fungsi punuk unta! Jika kamu tahu alasan lain mengapa unta memiliki punuk, silakan bagikan di komentar.
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